研究室工作进展 Dec. 23rd, 2014
Mechanistic Insights into N–N Bond Cleavage in Catalytic Guanylation Reaction between 1,2-Diarylhydrazines and Carbodiimides
Ling Xu, Yu-Chen Wang, Wangyang Ma, Wen-Xiong Zhang,* and Zhenfeng Xi*
J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 12004-12009.
(Special Issue: Mechanisms in Metal-Based Organic Chemistry)
Cleavage of the N–N bond in 1,2-diaryl hydrazines was achieved in alkyl lithium-catalyzed guanylation reaction of 1,2-diarylhydrazines with carbodiimides, affording guanidines and azo compounds. This N–N bond cleavage via thermal rearrangement was driven by the intramolecular proton shift. No reductants, oxidants, bases and external protons were needed. The proposed mechanism was well elucidated by the isolation, characterization and reaction study of two important amido lithium intermediates and the ArHN-substituted guanidine.
背景及亮点介绍:化学键的切断与重组是有机化学和金属有机化学中一个热门而有挑战性的研究领域。肼分子中N–N键的断裂在生物固氮及有机合成中有着重要的意义。现有研究表明,在生物固氮中,固氮酶中心的Mo元素的化合价发生了改变,且外来的质子参与了氨的生成。而在非生命体系的有机反应中,肼中N–N键只有在化学计量的还原剂、氧化剂或碱的存在下断裂。此外,肼分子中N–N键的断裂还被用于联苯胺重排或Fisher吲哚合成,而这两个过程均需外加质子促进。另一方面,胺作为亲核试剂,与碳二亚胺可在多种催化剂的作用下生成胍。作为胺的类似物,1,1-二取代的肼也可以发生类似的反应。但最近我们发现,1,2-二芳基取代的肼与碳二亚胺的反应模式却不是简单的亲核加成反应。在催化剂的存在下,1,2-二芳基肼与碳二亚胺反应时,肼中的N–N键发生断裂,得到了胍与偶氮化合物。此过程中,N–N键的断裂不需任何的氧化剂、还原剂或外来质子。我们通过两个锂中间体的分离和结构鉴定对其机理进行了详细的研究。